16 Roulette Wheel

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Wheel of Fortune is a British television game show based on the American show of the same name created by Merv Griffin. Contestants compete to solve word puzzles, similar to those used in Hangman, to win cash and prizes. The title refers to the show's giant carnival wheel that contestants spin throughout the course of the game to determine their cash and/or prizes.

The programme aired between 19 July 1988 and 21 December 2001 for ITV. It mostly follows the same general format from the original version of the programme from the United States, with a few minor differences.

Gameplay[edit]

Unlike the American version, where the numbers on the wheel correspond to the amount of money won by each contestant, the British version instead referred to these amounts as 'points' – they had no cash value, their only purpose was to determine the grand finalist, or to choose a winner for a particular round. There was a reason for this: between 1960 and 1992, the Independent Broadcasting Authority and for the last two years its successor the Independent Television Commission imposed caps on the top prize game shows could give away per week, and standardising the prize on offer per episode ensured the programme did not breach the set limits.

Points earned from all players carried on to proceeding rounds, and only scores for the current round were susceptible to Bankrupts, meaning a winner could be crowned that never solved a puzzle, but acquired a large number of points. This rule would actually encourage sacrificing a player's turn if he or she did not know the puzzle rather than risking his or her points by spinning again.

For the first three series, before the recording of each episode, each contestant spun the wheel; the contestant with the highest score would start the first round. In the programme proper, the contestant was asked a 50/50 trivia question, and if the contestant answered correctly, they spun the wheel. If the contestant landed on a number, they had to pick a letter. If the letter appeared on the puzzle board, the contestant earned the value multiplied by the number of times the letter appeared. A player was allowed to purchase a vowel for a flat rate of 250 points for any number of repetitions as long as that vowel appeared in the puzzle. The contestant would then spin the wheel again, but the contestant's turn would end if the contestant either (a) landed on a number but picked a letter that did not appear on the puzzle board, earning the contestant no points (but not deducting the number the contestant landed on); (b) bought a vowel that did not appear in the puzzle (still costing the 250 points); (c) landed on the 'LOSE A TURN' space; (d) landed on the 'BANKRUPT' space, losing the contestant's total score for that round (but not from previous rounds); or (e) attempting to solve the puzzle but giving an incorrect answer.

If the contestant landed on the 'FREE SPIN', the contestant would be given a 'FREE SPIN' token and would spin the wheel again. If the contestant landed on a number but picked a letter that did not appear on the puzzle board, or landed on the 'LOSE A TURN' space or the 'BANKRUPT' space, the contestant could give their 'FREE SPIN' loop to the host and spin again. They could alternatively hand over play to the next contestant.

If the contestant answered the 50/50 trivia question incorrectly, they would not spin the wheel; play would move on to the next contestant.

In the speed round, the host would spin the wheel with the centre player's arrow determining the point value for each contestant. Vowels were worth nothing, and consonants were worth whatever the value spun. The left player would go first. No more 50/50 questions were asked.

From the fourth series onward, the 50/50 trivia individual questions were dropped. Instead, at the start of each round, the contestants would be asked a general knowledge question and the first contestant to buzz in and answer correctly would gain control of the wheel (this included the speed-up round).

Also from the fourth series onward, from Round 3 to the end, the points on the wheel were worth double (although the wheel did not show the values at double points).

The yellow (centre) player's arrow determined the point value for each consonant in the speed-up round (and during the final spin both Walsh and Leslie employed the catchphrase 'No more spinning, just winning!' while explaining how the speed-up round worked). Vowels were worth nothing, and consonants were worth the value spun. In case of a tie, each player tied for the lead spun the wheel and the player who spun the higher number went through.

In the Grand Finale, the winning contestant chose from one of three bonus prizes to play for: a car, a luxury holiday, or a cash prize. The series in 1994 differed, in that the prize the contestant won for solving the puzzle was a car plus the cash prize of £10,000. In one episode in 1994, the prize was two cars and £10,000.^{[citation needed]} From 1995 to 1998, the player chose one of two envelopes, one with the car and the other with £20,000. The prize chosen, the Grand Finale continued with the contestant choosing five consonants and a vowel. The contestant had 15 seconds to solve the puzzle to win the prize. Unlike other versions, the player could solve any one word individually, and then work on any other word in the puzzle. For example, if the puzzle was 'A CUP OF TEA', the player could solve 'OF', then 'A', then 'TEA', and finally 'CUP' to complete the puzzle.

In the final series, 'LOSE A TURN' was changed to 'MISS A TURN', for reasons unknown, and a '500 Gamble' wedge was added. If a player landed on the latter wedge, they had the option of going for 500 points per letter or gambling their round score. If they chose to gamble their points and called a correct letter, their score would be doubled with 1,000 (2,000 starting in the third round) for each appearance of said consonant added to the sum;^{[clarification needed]} an incorrect letter was the same as Bankrupt.

In the rare event two or all three players were tied for first place, the host had each player spin the wheel once, and the highest number spun won the game. Spinning a 'BANKRUPT,' 'LOSE A TURN/MISS A TURN,' or 'FREE SPIN' did not allow another spin and thus counted as a zero score.

Prizes[edit]

Unlike the original American version, instead of cash prizes, successful spinners from each round were rewarded with a choice of three prizes which might contain household appliances, a holiday, etc. In 1988 the prizes for the final were a trip (an oriental furnished living room on 6 September and a luxury bathroom on 13 September), a new car (or sometimes a new boat), or a cash jackpot at £3,000 (£2,000 on the last two episodes of the first series). In 1989, the cash value increased to £4,000, from 1993 the Cash value increased again to £5,000. On the celebrity specials, solving the final puzzle donated £5,000 to the celebrity's favourite charity. During the 1994 series, solving the final puzzle won both £10,000 and a new car. In some episodes in 1994 this was increased to two cars and £10,000. The prize was later increased to £20,000 or a car from 1995–1998, with the winning contestant randomly selecting his/her prize by choosing one of two sealed envelopes.

During the daytime series, winners of each round were able to chosen from an array prizes laid out in the studio, such as a CD player, dishwasher etc. The cash prize for the final puzzle was dropped to £2,000. Players also could pick the same prize more than once, and on some occasions contestants made requests for an opponent who had won nothing to pick a prize, and Leslie always upheld the request.

All contestants in all series, win or lose, went home with a Wheel of Fortune watch (and sometimes other Wheel-related merchandise).

In the final, the winning contestant had a free choice of five consonants and one vowel in order to help them identify the answer within 15 seconds to the puzzle and win the prize.

Special prizes[edit]

• During the peak time series, the second and third round began with the hostess presenting a special prize (usually jewellery) which could be won by landing on a prize star and going on to solve the puzzle. (prime time series).
• During Bradley Walsh's run, the first player in the third round to land on a special disc and also put a letter on the board won the contents of 'Brad's Box'.^[1] This bonus carried over into the prime time John Leslie series and was renamed 'Leslie's Luxury' but during Leslie's series, there were two boxes; one would be for the men, and the other one would be for the women (prime time series).
• Starting in 1996, one puzzle would contain a 'cash pot' letter (gold in 1996 and 1997, red thereafter) that would net that player £100 for solving the puzzle immediately after finding the letter (both formats).
• The winning contestant had a chance to win another £100 by guessing a special partially-revealed 'puzzler' related to the puzzle just solved. (daytime series).
• During the second round on the daily series, a mystery prize would be awarded to the contestant if he/she picked up the token and solved the round two puzzle.

Special episodes[edit]

In the ninth episode of the second series and the thirteenth episode of the fourth series, the contestants were brides and in the twelfth episode of the third series and the eleventh episode of the fourth series, the contestants (two women and one man) were retired.

Studio designs[edit]

From 1988 to 1993, the host would emerge from the right stairs. Then as the presenter introduces the letter spinner, the letter spinner would walk down the left stairs. Between 1994 and 2000, the host and the letter spinner would emerge from the puzzle board that rotated clockwise. And in 2001, the host and the letter spinner would emerge from the prize pod.

The original design of the wheel was based on the American design, placed above ground on top of layers with lights. From 1994 to the end, the wheel was placed on the ground.

Wrong way spin outtake[edit]

One notable outtake from the show involved a man who spun the wheel in the wrong direction, forcing the show to be postponed until the next day. As the British wheel has a gearing mechanism to regulate its speed, this action promptly broke said gears, and the studio technicians spent hours trying to fix it.^[2]

Wheel configurations[edit]

The top point space was 1000 points, with one such space in round 1. One more space was added in round 2, along with a second Bankrupt, and a third 1,000-point space was added in round 3. Also, starting from series 4 in 1992, values were doubled beginning from round 3 onward, making the top point spaces worth 2,000 points. In at least one episode, a third Bankrupt was added in round 3.

Unlike the board used on the American version since 1997, the United Kingdom version's puzzle board was never electronic, so the regular puzzle would be placed at the top portion of the board while the puzzler would fill any unused lines below. The puzzle board's shape from 1994 to early 2000 was the same as the current American puzzle board. From 1988 to 1993, its border was styled like the one on the American puzzle board used from 1981 to 1993. The background colour for unused trilons on the UK's puzzle board was green from 1988 to 1993, after which it was changed to blue.

In 2001, Lose A Turn was renamed Miss A Turn and a 500 Gamble space was added. When 500 Gamble was landed on, the player had a choice of going for the regular 500 points or gambling their round score on a correct letter. If the contestant chose to gamble, each appearance of a correct letter increased their score by 1,000 points plus their current score while an incorrect letter took away all the points they accumulated in the round.

Transmissions[edit]

Series[edit]

Specials[edit]

The two Hogmanay Specials were only broadcast to the Scottish and Grampian Television regions.^[3]

• 1988: With Amanda Laird, Teri Lally and Andy Cameron.^[3]
• 1989: With Andy Cameron, Paul Coia and Viv Lumsden.^[3]

Regional transmissions information[edit]

1988–1998[edit]

For the first ten series, the show was broadcast once a week in a primetime slot. With series 8, a number of regional ITV stations did broadcast episodes a few days later including the last episode on 31 December 1996.

1999[edit]

During the eleventh series, the programme was moved to a five-shows-a-week daytime slot and it aired at 2.40pm each afternoon from 2 March, after the sixth series of Dale's Supermarket Sweep concluded its run. It took a break from 28 May to 10 September 1999.

2000[edit]

The twelfth series began at the start of the year, and lasted until the start of December. During this series, the show's slot varied in different ITV regions.

• Carlton (London and Westcountry), Grampian and Scottish aired the episodes at 5:30pm.
• Anglia, Border, Granada, Meridian, Tyne Tees, Ulster and Yorkshire aired the episodes at 2:40pm until 31 March 2000, then Friday afternoons only from 18 May to 9 June. From 12 June, it was moved back to five-times-a-week at 1.30pm and then from 17 July, it was moved to 2:40pm, so not all the episodes aired.
• HTV followed Anglia's pattern until 8 May before switching to the 5:30pm slot.
• Carlton (Central) also followed Anglia's pattern until 12 June before moving the show to 5.30pm.

Additional episodes were broadcast by all ITV regions on Sundays during May.

2001[edit]

During the thirteenth series, most ITV regions broadcast episodes at 5.30pm from 2 January to 22 June 2001, except for Meridian, Yorkshire, Tyne Tees, before being switched to a Saturday afternoon slot until 4 August 2001. The final thirty episodes (series fourteen) were networked at 2.40pm, from 12 November to 21 December.

Notes[edit]

1. ^First three seasons only. The first two seasons were produced as The Walt Disney Company Ltd.

References[edit]

1. ^Bradley Walsh :: TV :: Wheel Of Fortune
2. ^http://www.ukgameshows.com/ukgs/Wheel_of_Fortune
3. ^ ^{abcdefghijklmnopq}'Evening Times'. Retrieved 15 October 2012.
4. ^'04 June 1991, 36'. Retrieved 5 October 2017.
5. ^'29 August 1991, 32'. Retrieved 5 October 2017.
6. ^'18 May 1992, 36'. Retrieved 5 October 2017.
7. ^'24 August 1992, 32'. Retrieved 5 October 2017.
8. ^'07 June 1993, 70'. Retrieved 5 October 2017.
9. ^'30 August 1993, 20'. Retrieved 5 October 2017.
10. ^'11 July 1994, 59'. Retrieved 5 October 2017.
11. ^'12 December 1994, 21'. Retrieved 5 October 2017.
12. ^'30 August 1995, 40'. Retrieved 5 October 2017.
13. ^'27 December 1995, 21'. Retrieved 5 October 2017.
14. ^'24 July 1996, 43'. Retrieved 5 October 2017.
15. ^'24 December 1995, 47'. Retrieved 5 October 2017.

External links[edit]

• Wheel of Fortune (UK) at IMDb
• Wheel of Fortune (UK) at BFI
• Wheel of Fortune (UK) at UKGameshows.com

American and European roulette table layout, bets and payouts
(See additional information below)

The word 'roulette' is french for 'small wheel'. The original roulette game was also known as 'French Roulette' and it literally took over the European gambling scene in the early 18th century. Today almost all French Roulette tables around the world have been replaced by a European version of the American Roulette.

The American and the European roulette table layouts are practically the same, the main difference is that the European table has one zero position (0) and the American table has two zero positions (0, 00). The other major difference is the sequence of the numbers on the roulette wheel. They are totally different.

The French roulette too has one zero only, but the table layout is slightly different and wider (see picture of table layout below), and there are no individual coloured chips for the players, cash chips are used. Also, a stick is used by the dealer and stickman to announce the winning number, to collect the chips from the table and to pay the winners, which makes the game slower than the American version.

In the American and European roulette individual coloured chips are used for each player and after the outcome the losing chips are collected from the table by hand and the winnings are paid by hand. Play is much faster than the French roulette.

In French casinos 'American Roulette' means a roulette game with double zeros (0, 00 - on the table layout and on the wheel), the same as used in the USA. The American roulette with one zero (or the European version) is referred to as English Roulette to distinguish it from the double-zero American Roulette and to emphasize that it has one zero only (as used in the UK).

However, in many countries (including the UK) the single-zero European roulette is called American Roulette to distinguish it from the French roulette table layout and for the manner the game is played. In some African countries they call it 'Roulette with French numeration on American table'.

To sum up:

• American Roulette can have a single zero or a double zero, but the manner it is played is the same for both, and play is faster than French Roulette. Apart from the zero positions, the table layout is the same. The other major difference is in the roulette wheel, the sequence of the numbers on the wheel is totally different.
• European Roulette, a term mostly used in the USA, is roulette with a single zero regardless of the table layout, could refer to either the American Roulette with a single zero or to the French Roulette as both use the same type of roulette wheel with the same sequence of numbers.
• French Roulette is known everywhere as French Roulette, has a single zero, a wide table layout and have Stickmen that handle the chips.
• American Roulette in USA casinos and in French casinos is referred to the American Roulette with double zeros (0, 00).
• American Roulette in non-US and non-French casinos (for example: in United Kingdom casinos) is referred to the American Roulette with a single zero. In some European casinos the American single zero roulette is called Fair Roulette.
• English Roulette, a term commonly used in French casinos, is referred to the American Roulette with a single zero, as used in United Kingdom casinos.

French roulette table layout

(The odds and payouts are as above)

Inside bets:
A - 1 number, Straight up.
B - 2 numbers, Split.
C - 3 numbers with 0 and 3 Line.
D - 4 numbers with 0 and 4 Corner.
E - 6 numbers, 6 Line.

Outside bets:
F - 12 numbers, Column.
G - 12 numbers, Dozen.
H - Manque/Passe, 1-18/19-36 (Low/High).
I - Pair/Unpair (Even/Odd).
J - Noir/Rouge (Black/Red).

Finales - A type of group bets on numbers ending with the same digit. Examples:

• Final 7 means bet on the numbers 7, 17 and 27 straight up (three chips).
• Final 2 means bet on the numbers 2, 12, 22 and 32 straight up (four chips).
• Final 2-5 means split bets on the numbers 2/5, 12/15, 22/25 and 32/35 (four chips).

The table layout on the French version of roulette is different from the American style roulette table shown above. The main difference is in the position of the side bets (outside bets). The side bets on the French table are split in two and run along both sides of the table layout. Each side bet is given its French name and sometimes also its English translation underneath.

Roulette Announced Bets or Call Bets (Used in French roulette tables and in some European casinos with single-zero wheel roulette tables. Common in most UK casinos with single-zero wheel American style roulette tables.)

These bets consist of a group of numbers and there are 5 types:

Number Neighbours bet/Neighbors bet (Voisin du Nombre): 5 chips bet on a number which covers the number itself and the two numbers on either side of it on the roulette wheel.

Zero Neighbours bet (Voisins du Zero): 9 chips bet covers Zero plus seven numbers on right, and nine numbers on left, 0/2/3 + 25/26/28/29, each with 2 chips, 4/7 + 12/15 + 18/21 + 19/22 + 32/35, each with 1 chip.

A Third section of the Wheel bet (Tiers du Cylindre): 6 chips split bets cover numbers from the 33 to the 27 on the roulette wheel, 5/8 + 10/11 + 13/16 + 23/24 + 27/30 + 33/36, each with 1 chip.

Full Orphans bet (Orphelin Plein): 8 chips bet covers 0 + 6 + 9 + 14 + 17 + 20 + 31 + 34, each with 1 chip.

Orphans Split bet (Orphelin Cheval): 5 chips bet covers numbers 6/9 + 14/17 + 17/20 + 31/34, each with 1 chip split bets, and number 1 with 1 chip bet.

Roulite or Roulight table layout

Roulite or Roulight is the modern variety of Roulette. A table game that has been developed in the first instance by specialists at the Wiesbaden Casino, Wiesbaden, Germany.

The game is dynamic and very fast. Players, who like to play sectors and neighbours love it. Bets can only be placed on full numbers (staight up), on two connected numbers (split), neighbours of numbers and sections of the wheel. No outside bets.

La Boule table layout and wheel

Boule or La Boule is a simple and fast game that is similar to Roulette, popular in French casinos and can now be played online.

The game features a table and a wheel with only 9 numbers and 3 different colours. The wheel is spun and a small rubber ball bounces around the wheel before settling into one of the coloured holes to determine the outcome.

Betting will be familiar to Roulette players with the table layout providing a range of betting options. Players can place a bet on Red or Black, Odd or Even, High or Low, or on individual numbers of the wheel.

The number 5, coloured yellow, plays in a similar way to the zero (0 or 00) in normal Roulette. You can bet on it like any other individual number, but if the number 5 is spun then only the bets on 5 win and all other bets lose.

Because there are less numbers in Boule, the chances of spinning a 5 are greater than a zero being spun in normal Roulette, which makes the house edge of La Boule higher than Roulette.

If you bet on the winning number then you are paid 7:1, which is the payout for all bets on individual numbers, and 1:1 on all other bets.

CAMMEGH spread-bet roulette table layout and display board

Spread-bet roulette is a unique CAMMEGH (cammegh.com) concept adding seven roulette side bets, offering the players the chance to win high payouts with one spin of the wheel (also increased house edge to the casino). Seven additional betting circles are added to the regular table layout, located among the outside bets as shown on the photo below.

How it works: A set of electronic numbers, independent from the roulette wheel numbers, act as a secondary wheel on the electronic billboard display along with a set representing the actual roulette wheel numbers, forming two concentric rings spinning in opposing directions, as shown on the billboard display photo below.

When 'no more bets' is announced, the two rings on the display stop, randomly aligning the two sets of numbers. This takes place before the ball on the actual roulette wheel comes to a stop and lands on the winning number.

When the ball stops, the corresponding winning number on the display ring is then paired with its aligning electronic number. The sum of these paired numbers determines the spread-bet result. The billboard display continuously shows the electronic number results alongside the regular roulette number results (see photo below, on the left side of the display).

RouletteRules . * Table layout Single zero wheel . Double zero wheel Electronic roulette . Glossary . Tips Strategy . Books . Links Extras

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